Infectious disease is a major contributor to economic loss in intensive fish culture. Some antibiotics have been used to reduce death due to bacterial infections. Recently, food-importing countries, such as the EU, the USA and Japan, require exporting countries

The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need….